I-Jargon Buster

Kunamagama amaningi ezokwelapha odokotela nabahlengikazi abangawasebenzisa lapho bexoxa ngempilo yengane yakho.  Lolu hlu luhlose ukuchaza okuvame kakhulu.  

Ukuze uthole igama olithandayo, chofoza uhlamvu oluqala ngalo:

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V WXYZ

​

​

A

I-Acidosis
Izinga eliphezulu ngokungavamile le-asidi egazini. Lokhu kungaba ngenxa yokuthi amaphaphu awasebenzi kahle, ngenxa yokuntuleka kwe-oksijini eyanele ezingxenyeni zomzimba noma inhlanganisela yakho kokubili.

​

I-anemia

I-hemoglobin encane kakhulu egazini (bona 'I-Haemoglobin').

​

Isikolo se-Apgar
Indlela elula yokuhlola impilo yengane ngokushesha ngemva kokuzalwa, ngokuthola 'amaphuzu' okushaya kwenhliziyo, ukuphefumula, umbala wesikhumba, iphimbo kanye nokusabela kwengane.

​

I-Apnea
Ukuma kwesikhashana ekuphefumuleni.

​

I-apnea ye-prematurity
Lapho umntwana eyeka ukuphefumula isikhathi esingamasekhondi angu-20 noma ngaphezulu. Ngokuvamile kubonakala ezinganeni ezizalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi futhi kungenxa yokungavuthwa kwengxenye yobuchopho elawula ukuphefumula. Ngokuvamile ingane iqala ukuphefumula ngokwayo, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi idinga ukushukunyiswa ngokunyakazisa kancane. I-caffeine ngezinye izikhathi inikezwa ukusiza ukugqugquzela ukuphefumula kwengane. Izingane eziningi zizokhula ngenxa ye-apnea ye-prematurity ngesikhathi lapho sezinamaviki angu-36.

Ama-alamu noma iziqaphi ze-apnea
Uma izingane zifakwe kumshini wokuphefumula, akunandaba ukuthi zike zihlabe ikhefu ekuphefumuleni kwazo. Uma i-ventilator isikhishiwe, noma yikuphi ukumiswa kuyinkinga enkulu. I-CPAP ingasiza, kodwa izingane zingase zifakwe nemonitha ehlola ukuthi ziphefumula njalo. Lezi zicupha i-alamu uma ingane ima isikhathi eside phakathi nokuphefumula okubili. 'Ukuhlasela kwe-Apnoeic' yiziphonso ezimfushane lapho ukuphefumula kuphazamiseka. Lezi ziqephu zivame ukwenzeka ngokuphindaphindiwe.

I-asphyxia
I-oxygen encane kakhulu kanye ne-carbon dioxide eningi kakhulu egazini lengane noma ingane. Isikhathi esivame kakhulu sokuba ne-asphyxia kwenzeke ngesikhathi sokuzalwa.

I-Aspirate
Leli gama lisetshenziswa ngezindlela ezimbili ezahlukene kuyunithi yezingane ezisanda kuzalwa. Odokotela nabahlengikazi bangase bakhulume 'ngokuhlola i-aspirate' ngaphambi kokufaka ubisi phansi kwe-nasogastric noma i-orogastric tube. Lokhu kusho ukuthi isirinji ixhunywe ekugcineni kweshubhu lokuncelisa ukuze kutholwe inani elincane lesisu somntwana. Izohlolwa kusetshenziswa i-pH paper noma induku ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ishubhu lisesiswini futhi iphephile ukuphakelwa.

Enye indlela ongase uzwe ngayo igama elithi 'aspirate' yilapho enye into ngaphandle komoya (isb. i-meconium) ihogelwa emaphashini engane ngaphambi kokuba umntwana azalwe ngokugcwele. Lokhu kubizwa nge-meconium aspiration, okungaba isimo esibucayi, nakuba singajwayelekile (bona 'Meconium' kanye 'ne-Meconium aspiration' ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe).

Ukuhlolwa kwe-Audiology (ukuzwa).
Kunezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko zokuhlola ukuzwa kwengane. Kokubili kuhilela ukubeka ama-earphone ezindlebeni zengane ukuze ilethe uchungechunge lokuchofoza. Izimpendulo zengane ekuchofozweni zibe sezihlaziywa.

​

B

Ukufaka isikhwama
Ukubeka imaski exhunywe esikhwameni esicindezelayo noma emshinini wokucindezela phezu kwekhala nomlomo wengane ukusiza ukuphefumula.

​

I-bilirubin
I-pigment ephuzi egazini enikeza umbala ophuzi esikhumbeni. Amazinga aphezulu angaba yingozi.

Amasiko egazi
Uma kusolwa ukuthi ingane ingase ibe nezifo, isampula yegazi elincane liyaqoqwa futhi lifakwe oketshezini oluthile olukhethekile. Lokhu kugcinwa kufudumele, okukhuthaza ukukhula kwamagciwane. Imiphumela itholakala ngemva kwamahora angu-48. Uma kwaziwa ukuthi yimaphi amagciwane akhona, ithimba lezokwelapha lingabheka ukuthi ingane idla ama-antibiotic afanele yini.

Amagesi egazi
Lokhu ukuhlola kwaselabhorethri ukuthola amazinga omoya-mpilo kanye ne-carbon dioxide gases nama-acids egazini. Inhloso ukuthola ukuthi amaphaphu nokujikeleza kwegazi kusebenza kahle kangakanani.

​

Iziqapha zegesi yegazi
Kuthathwa isampula yegazi, kungaba emthanjeni noma esithendeni sonyawo. Ukuqapha amagesi egazi kuyingxenye ebalulekile yokunakekelwa kwengane egulayo. Inani lamagesi okudingeka ahlolwe lincike ezinkingeni ingane enazo. Iziqaphi zingasetshenziswa ukuhlola ukuthi kunikezwa umoya ofanele, kanye nokulinganisa amazinga e-sodium egazini.

Ukushaya kwegazi
Lona ukucindezela okukhiqizwa emithanjeni yomzimba ngokumpompa inhliziyo. Ivamise ukugadwa ezinganeni ezingaphilile. Uma umfutho wegazi uphansi ngendlela engavamile, umntwana angase alashwe ngemithi yokuwuthuthukisa.

Ukumpontshelwa igazi
Kulapho kunikezwa khona igazi elengeziwe. Ukumpontshelwa igazi kungase kudingeke ukuze kwelashwe i-anemia enzima (ukuntuleka kwamangqamuzana abomvu egazi), noma phakathi noma ngemva kokuhlinzwa.

I-Bradycardia
Kulapho ukushaya kwenhliziyo kwehla khona okwesikhashana. Lokhu kuvamile ezinganeni ezisanda kuzalwa. Ngokuvamile kuyingxenye ye-apnea ye-prematurity (bona ngenhla). Ezimweni eziningi, umntwana ululama yedwa. Ngezinye izikhathi, ukukhuthazwa okuncane kuyadingeka ukuze umntwana asabele. Lezi ziqephu ziyama ngemva kwamasonto angaba ngu-36 okukhulelwa.

Iphampu yebele
Ingcezu yezinto ezisetshenziswayo ezisebenza ngezandla nezikagesi, ezisetshenziselwa ukuveza ubisi lwebele

I-Bronchi Pulmonary Dysplasia (BPD)
Bheka 'Isifo samaphaphu esingamahlalakhona'.

C

I-Candida
Ukutheleleka kwemvubelo yesikhumba kanye nolwelwesi lwamafinyila (umlomo, ukugaya noma amapheshana ezitho zangasese).

I-Cannula
Ishubhu lepulasitiki elincane kakhulu, elifushane, elithambile elifakwa emithanjeni yengane ukuze linikeze uketshezi noma imithi ngokuqondile egazini ngaphandle kokuqhubeka nokusebenzisa izinaliti. I-cannula inamaphiko asetshenziselwa ukuyibeka endaweni kusetshenziswa itheyiphu. Ngokuvamile kusetshenziswa imithambo ezingalweni nasemilenzeni, nakuba ngezikhathi ezithile kufanele kusetshenziswe imithambo esikhumbeni sekhanda lomntwana. I-cannula ingahlala izinsuku ezimbalwa kodwa futhi ingadinga ukushintshwa njalo emahoreni ambalwa.

Centile amashadi
Amagrafu abonisa ububanzi obujwayelekile bezilinganiso zomzimba ngeminyaka ehlukene.

Uketshezi lwe-Cerebrospinal (CSF)
Uketshezi olukhiqizwa ngaphakathi emagumbini obuchopho ageleza phansi futhi azungeze umgogodla. Uma lokhu kugeleza kuphazamiseka, inqubo okukhishwa ngayo uketshezi inephutha futhi ukucindezela kuyakhuphuka futhi kuhlukanise amagumbi ngaphakathi kobuchopho, okuholela ku-hydrocephalus.

Ukukhipha isifuba
Ishubhu lidlule odongeni lwesifuba ukukhipha umoya ovuzayo emaphashini.

Isifo samaphaphu esingapheli (CLD)
Lokhu wukuphazamiseka kwamaphaphu okungenzeka ukuthi kwenzeka ngenxa yokuthi umntwana usenesikhathi eside edonsa umoya. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, umntwana udinga umoya-mpilo owengeziwe futhi angase abe nobunzima bokuphefumula, okungase kuthathe isikhathi ukuba ngcono. Isifo samaphaphu esingamahlalakhona saziwa nangokuthi i-bronchi pulmonary dysplasia (BPD).

Iminyaka yokulandelana kwezenzakalo
Iminyaka yomntwana kusukela osukwini lwangempela lokuzalwa.

Ukupholisa umatilasi
Umatilasi wokupholisa usetshenziselwa isimo esithile lapho ubuchopho budinga ukupholiswa ukuze buvimbele ukulimala kobuchopho.

Iminyaka elungisiwe
Iminyaka yomntwana ozalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi ingaba ukube yazalwa ngosuku olunqunyiwe.

I-CPAP (umfutho womoya oqhubekayo omuhle)
Indlela yokwelapha esetshenziselwa ukusiza ukuphefumula kwengane kanye nokunciphisa inani lokuhlaselwa yi-apnoeic. Ngokusebenzisa umshini we-CPAP, amaphaphu anwetshwa ngokufaka inani elincane lokucindezela ngokusebenzisa ama-prong amancane ngaphakathi nje kwekhala noma ngesifihla-buso esincane phezu kwekhala. Kwezinye izimo umntwana ozalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi angase avule futhi avale i-CPAP amasonto ambalwa.

Iskena se-CT
Lolu uhlobo olukhethekile lomshini we-X ray onemininingwane eminingi kune-X-ray evamile. Ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa ukubheka ngokuningiliziwe izingxenye zobuchopho.

I-Cyanosis
Ukwehliswa kwezinga le-oxygen egazini okwenza isikhumba, izindebe nezinzipho kubonakale kuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.

D

Ukunakekelwa kwentuthuko
Ukunakekelwa kokukhula kumayelana nokwenza indawo ezungezile yengane ingabi nengcindezi ngangokunokwenzeka. Lokhu kwenziwa ngezindlela eziningana: ukunciphisa inani lokukhanya nomsindo ingane evezwe kuyo; kwezinye izimo ukumboza i-incubator ngeshidi noma ikhava eyenziwe ngokukhethekile; ukwakha 'isidleke' sokuncelisa ingane, okuyenza izizwe ikhululekile futhi ivikelekile; ukunciphisa ukuphazamiseka kwengane; massage yengane; ukuzibandakanya kwabazali ekunakekeleni ingane yabo ophikweni - isibonelo iKangaroo Care.

Ubisi Lwebele Lomnikeli (DBM)  

Ubisi olunikelwa ngumama ukuze lusetshenziswe lapho ingane idinga ubisi lwebele futhi ukuhlinzekwa komama akukatholakali

I-Dysmorphic
Leli gama lisetshenziswa lapho odokotela nabahlengikazi bebona izici ezithile ezinganeni okungenzeka zingezona ezejwayelekile. Ezimweni eziningi, nokho, izici ziphenduka zibe ezejwayelekile futhi azikhathazeki. Uma kunenkinga, ukuhlolwa okuningi kuzokwenziwa futhi, uma kunesidingo, abanye ochwepheshe bangacelwa ukuba babheke ingane yakho futhi banikeze umbono.

Ukuconsa
Lapho uketshezi noma igazi kudluliselwa emthanjeni noma ethanjeni kusetshenziswa inaliti noma ishubhu lepulasitiki.

E

I-ECG (i-electrocardiogram)
Igrafu ebonisa ukusebenza kukagesi kwenhliziyo.

I-EEG (i-electroencephalogram)
Igrafu ekhombisa ukusebenza kukagesi kobuchopho.

I-ECMO (i-extracorporeal membrane oxygenation)
Lo mshini unikeza igazi komoyampilo eliphuma ngaphandle komzimba. Isetshenziswa lapho ukwelashwa nge-ventilator kungazange kusebenze ezinganeni ezinezinkinga zenhliziyo namaphaphu.

Ama-Electrolyte
Izinto ezibalulekile emzimbeni okuthi, lapho zincibilika, zikhiqize izixazululo ezikwazi ukuqhuba amandla kagesi (isibonelo usawoti wetafula, i-sodium chloride noma i-potassium chloride).

Ishubhu ye-Endotracheal (ET Tube)
Ishubhu lepulasitiki elithambile elishuthekwa ngomlomo noma ekhaleni kuqhoqhoqho (uqhoqhoqho), lona lixhunywe kumshini wokuphefumula ukuze lisize ukuphefumula. Ngezinye izikhathi kuthiwa 'i-tracheal tube' ngodokotela ababulala izinzwa.

Shintshanisa ngokumpontshelwa
Ukushintsha igazi lengane ngegazi elivela kumnikeli omdala.

Ubisi lwebele olukhiqiziwe (EBM)
Ukukhipha ubisi lwebele kusho ukusebenzisa ipompo, izandla noma kokubili ukuthola ubisi emabeleni kamama. Ubisi lungagcinwa efrijini noma lunikezwe umntwana ngqo.

Isisindo sokuzalwa esiphansi kakhulu
Ingane ezelwe inesisindo esingaphansi kuka-1000g.

Khulula
Ukukhipha ishubhu le-endotracheal (bona ngenhla) kuqhoqhoqho.

F

I-Fontanelle
Amabala athambile ekhanda lomntwana anyamalala ezinyangeni ezingu-18 njengoba amathambo ekhula ndawonye.

G

Gas and Gas qapha
Bheka 'Amagesi egazi' kanye 'Nemonitha yegesi yegazi'.

Iminyaka yokukhulelwa
Isibalo samasonto umntwana esesibelethweni saziwa ngokuthi yisisu. Ithemu yomntwana yileyo ezalwa ngemva kwamasonto angu-37 agcwele esibelethweni kodwa ngaphambi kwamasonto angu-42. Uma izalwa ngaphambi kwamaviki angu-37, ingane ingaphambi kwesikhathi noma ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Ukuze uthole idethi yokubeletha elindelekile (EDD) yengane yakho, bala kusukela osukwini lokuqala lwesikhathi sakho sokugcina bese wengeza ngamaviki angu-40.

I-Glucose monitor
Lona umshini okwazi ukukala inani le-glucose (ushukela) egazini.

Ukububula
Umsindo owenziwa ingane ephefumula kanzima.

H

IHemoglobin
Ithwala umoya-mpilo emzimbeni wonke. Iqukethwe kumangqamuzana egazi abomvu.

Ibhokisi lekhanda
Ibhokisi lepulasitiki elibekwe phezu kwekhanda lomntwana ukuvumela ukulawula okunembile kokulethwa komoyampilo.

Umjikelezo wekhanda
Isilinganiso sebanga eliphelele lokuzungeza ikhanda lomntwana.

Isivikelo sokushisa
Sula igobolondo lepulasitiki elibekwe phezu kwengane ukuvimbela ukulahlekelwa ukushisa.

I-high frequency oscillatory ventilation
Uhlobo oluhluke kakhulu lwe-ventilator olungase lusetshenziswe lubizwa ngokuthi 'i-high frequency oscillator'. Nakuba ngama-ventilator amaningi ungabona isifuba somntwana sikhuphuka futhi siwe ngezinga lokuphefumula elibekiwe, ama-oscillator asebenzisa amazinga asheshayo angu-600-1200 ngomzuzu, ngakho isifuba somntwana siyavevezela. Lokhu kungase kubukeke kwethusa, kodwa lolu hlobo lokungenisa umoya lusebenza kahle kakhulu kwezinye zezimo zamaphaphu ezingatholwa izingane.

Umswakama
Ukuze izingane ezizalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi zilahlekelwe amanzi amaningi esikhumbeni, zivame ukunceliswa ngama-incubator afudumele, anomswakama. Umswakama (amanzi) nawo wengezwa emagesini umntwana ayiphefumula ngomshini wokuphefumula.

Isifo se-Hyaline membrane (HMD)
Inkinga yokuphefumula lapho amaphaphu evame ukuwa esikhundleni sokuhlala egcwele umoya. Lokhu kwaziwa nangokuthi yi-respiratory distress syndrome (RDS).

I-Hydrocephalus
Lapho uketshezi oluningi 'lwe-cerebrospinal' lunqwabelana ngaphakathi kwamagumbi obuchopho. Ukucindezela okukhulayo ngaphakathi kobuchopho kungase kubangele ukwanda okusheshayo kosayizi wekhanda.

I-Hypocalcemia
Izinga legazi le-calcium eliphansi kunelivamile.

I-Hypoglycemia
Izinga le-glucose yegazi eliphansi ngokungavamile.

I-Hypothermia
Lapho izinga lokushisa lomzimba lehla ngaphansi kuka-35.5°C (95°F).

I-Hypoxia
Inani eliphansi ngokungavamile lomoya-mpilo ezicutshini zomzimba.

I

I-incubator
I-incubator umbhede oshisayo ombozwe ngebhokisi lepulasitiki elicacile elivumela umntwana ukuba agcinwe efudumele ngaphandle kwezingubo ukuze akwazi ukugadwa kakhulu. I-oxygen eyengeziwe ingafakwa ku-incubator uma kudingeka. Amazinga omoya-mpilo angalawulwa futhi aqashwe eduze kakhulu.

Ikhava ye-incubator
Lesi isembozo esikhethekile esenziwe ukuthi silingane phezu kwe-incubator ukuvikela ingane ekukhanyeni nomsindo.

Iphampu yokumnika
Iphampu yokumnika ifana nesirinji ehlinzeka ngoketshezi, umuthi noma imisoco ngqo egazini. Lezi zinganikezwa ngesikhathi esimisiwe.

I-Intermittent Mandatory Ventilation (IMV)
Kulapho usana lusizwa ngokwengxenye ukuphefumula ngomshini wokuphefumula, kodwa lusakwazi ukuphefumula ngokuzenzakalelayo.

I-Intermittent Positive Pressure Ventilation (IPPV)
Indlela yokusiza ukuphefumula ngomshini.

I-Intra-Ventricular Haemorrhage (IVH)
Lena yinkinga ehlasela izingane ezizalwe singakafiki isikhathi lapho okopha khona kuma-ventricles obuchopho. I-IVH ingaba yingozi kakhulu kodwa ezimweni eziningi ayibangeli izinkinga zesikhathi eside. Ama-IVH ahlelwa ku-1-4, ngokosayizi wawo, futhi atholakala ku-ultrasound scan. Ukopha kweBanga loku-1 kuvame kakhulu ezinganeni ezizalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi futhi akunayo imiphumela yesikhathi eside. Ukopha kweBanga lesi-4 (okubi kakhulu) kuhilela ukopha esicutshini sobuchopho ngokwaso futhi kungase kube nemiphumela ekukhuleni komntwana esikhathini esizayo.

Imigqa ye-Intravenous (IV).
Imigqa ye-IV amashubhu amahle ngezinye izikhathi afakwa emithanjeni yegazi - ngokuvamile esandleni, ezinyaweni, engalweni noma emlenzeni - ukuze anikeze uketshezi noma umuthi ngokuqondile.

Ukudla okunomsoco nge-intravenous (IV).
Indlela yokuletha yonke imisoco ebaluleke kakhulu ngqo egazini ngokusebenzisa umugqa omaphakathi noma ngeshubhu lepulasitiki emthanjeni weperipheral.

J

Ijaundice
Ukuba phuzi kwesikhumba/abamhlophe bamehlo okubangelwa izinga eliphezulu le-bilirubin egazini. Kuvame kakhulu ezinganeni futhi kubangelwa ukuwohloka okuvamile kwamangqamuzana egazi abomvu engane. Nokho, amazinga aphezulu angaba yingozi futhi i-phototherapy (ukukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka esikhumbeni somntwana) kungase kudingeke.

Ukudla kweJejunal
Ukwethula ubisi, usebenzisa ithubhu elithambile elikhethekile, ngqo ku-jejunum (ingxenye yamathumbu amancane).

L

Ulayini omude
Lona umugqa odluliswa emthanjeni osengalweni, emlenzeni noma esikhunjeni sekhanda, isiphetho somugqa silele eduze kwenhliziyo. Le migqa isetshenziselwa ukunikeza ingane ukudla ngqo emthanjeni lapho ukuqala kokuphakela ubisi kufanele kubambezeleke.

Isisindo Sokuzalwa Esiphansi (LBW)
Izingane zithathwa njengezinesisindo esiphansi sokuzalwa uma zingaphansi kuka-2500g, isisindo sokuzalwa esiphansi kakhulu (VLBW) uma singaphansi kuka-1500g kanye nesisindo sokuzalwa esiphansi kakhulu uma singaphansi kuka-1000g.

I-Lumbar Puncture (LP) noma i-Lumbar tap
Uma kunobufakazi bokutheleleka okunzima, odokotela bangase bafune ukuthatha isampula yoketshezi oluzungeza umgogodla. Lolu ketshezi lugeleza lusuka ebuchosheni, ngakho ukuluhlaziya kufanele lubonise ukuthi ukutheleleka kukhona yini kule ngxenye ebalulekile yesimiso sezinzwa. Kusetshenziswa inaliti encane, futhi udokotela uzoyifaka phakathi kwamathambo amabili aphansi emhlane wengane. Nakuba izinzwa eziningi ezibalulekile zigijima emgogodleni, ngeke zilimale ngoba lezi zinzwa ziphakeme kunezinga lapho le naliti ibekwe khona. Umuthi obulala izinzwa wendawo ngokuvamile usetshenziselwa ukunciphisa noma yikuphi ukungakhululeki enganeni.

M

I-Meconium
Izinto eziluhlaza ngokumnyama ezakha ohlelweni lokugaya umntwana ngaphambi kokuzalwa. Ngokuvamile iqala ukudluliselwa njengokuphuma kwamathumbu phakathi namahora angu-24 okuzalwa.

I-Meconium aspiration
Umntwana ocindezeleka ngaphambi kokubeletha angase adlule i-meconium (into eluhlaza okotshani okumnyama echazwe ngenhla) lapho esesesibelethweni. Uma umntwana bese ehogela uketshezi 'entanta' kulo, into enamathelayo ivala imigudu yokuphefumula kancane, okubangele ubunzima bokuphefumula ngesikhathi ingane izalwa.

I-Morphine
Lo muthi usetshenziselwa ukunciphisa ukungakhululeki kanye nengcindezi izingane ezingase zibe nakho kokunye ukwelashwa okudingekayo okunikezwayo. Kunganciphisa ukuphefumula kwabo, futhi ngokuvamile kuyehla noma kumiswe lapho umntwana ekhishwa emshinini wokuphefumula. Uma ingane isiyidinga isikhathi eside, ingase ibe ne-jittery lapho iyekwa, ngenxa yemiphumela yokuhoxiswa kwezidakamizwa.

I-MRI scan
Inani elandayo lamayunithi ezinsana afinyelela kuzikena ze-MRI. Lezi zinganikeza izithombe eziwusizo kakhulu ezenziwe ngekhompyutha zezitho ezingaphakathi komntwana ngaphandle kokumlimaza. Uma ingane yakho ine-MRI scan, izofakwa ku-incubator ekhethekile emgcina ephephile futhi efudumele ngenkathi engaphakathi kusithwebuli. Izithombe ze-MRI ziwusizo kakhulu ekuhloleni izinga lanoma yikuphi ukulimala kobuchopho futhi zinikeze ulwazi oluwusizo mayelana nendlela ubuchopho obuvuthwa ngayo. Ezibhedlela eziningi, iyunithi ye-MRI iqhelelene neyunithi yezingane ezisanda kuzalwa, ngakho-ke ingane ingase idinge ukuba sesimweni esizinzile ukuze lolu phenyo lwenzeke.

N

I-cannula yamakhala
Ishubhu elincane elisetshenziselwa ukunikeza umntwana umoya-mpilo.

Izifunzo ze-Nasogastric (NG feeds)
Ukondla kusetshenziswa ishubhu elicolile, elithambile (i-nasogastric tube) elidlula emakhaleni noma emlonyeni liye esiswini.

I-Nasogastric tube
Leli ishubhu lepulasitiki elide, elincanyana nelithambile elidlulela ngekhala lomntwana liye esiswini sakhe. Leli payipi lisetshenziselwa ukunikeza umntwana ubisi kuze kube yilapho esenamandla okukhipha ubisi ebeleni noma ebhodleleni. Ngezinye izikhathi ishubhu lidluliselwa emlonyeni nasesiswini.

Osanda kuzalwa
Amasonto amane okuqala empilo yengane (kuze kufike ezinsukwini ezingama-28).

I-Necrotising enterocolitis (NEC)
Lokhu kwenzeka lapho ingxenye yodonga lwamathumbu ivuvukele noma ivuvukala ngenxa yokulimala kolwelwesi. Kuvame ukuxhunyaniswa nesikhathi lapho ukugeleza kwegazi odongeni lwamathumbu kuye kwancishiswa. Isisu singakhukhumala, igazi lidlulele emathunjini. Umoya ungena odongeni lomgudu wokugaya ukudla. Ngezinye izikhathi, nakuba kungavamile, imbobo ingase yakhe imbobo odongeni lwamathumbu futhi idinge ukuhlinzwa.

I-NICU
Iyunithi yokunakekela izingane ezisanda kuzalwa.

I-nitric oxide
Lokhu kuvame ukukhiqizwa emzimbeni ukuze kuphumuze imithambo yegazi kanjalo kuthuthukisa ukugeleza kwegazi kuzo zonke izingxenye zomzimba. Lapho imithambo yegazi eya emaphashini isala inciphile, ngezinye izikhathi i-nitric oxide inikezwa emoyeni ohogelwe nomoya-mpilo ukuze iyenze ikhululeke futhi ivumele ukugeleza kwegazi emaphashini.

NNU
Iyunithi yezingane ezisanda kuzalwa.

O

I-Edema
Ukuvuvukala okubangelwa uketshezi oluningi ezicutshini ezingaphansi kwesikhumba.

Vula imibhede
Lapho umntwana esekwazi ukulawula izinga lokushisa lomzimba wakhe siqu, angasuswa e-incubator ayiswe ohlakeni oluvulekile (umbhede ongenalo uphahla).

Ishubhu ye-Orogastric (OGT)

Ishubhu elihle lidlula emlonyeni nasesiswini. Isetshenziselwa ukunikeza umntwana ubisi.

I-oscillator
I-high frequency oscillator iyisisetshenziswa sokuphefumula (i-ventilator) esiletha ukuphefumula okusheshayo ngomfutho ophansi emaphashini engane. Lokhu kungehlisa inani lomonakalo emaphashini antekenteke osana uma kuqhathaniswa nomshini wokuphefumula ovamile.

Ukugcwala komoyampilo
Lokhu kukalwa ngokuthola ububomvu begazi njengoba ligeleza esandleni noma onyaweni lomntwana. Ukwehla kwezinga le-oxygen egazini lengane kungabonakala ngokushesha njengesiqephu 'se-desaturation' (desaturation) futhi i-alamu izokwazisa umhlengikazi wengane uma kwenzeka. Uma ingane inyakaza kakhulu, lokhu kungaphazamisa ukukalwa komoyampilo futhi kubangele amazinga aphansi okulinganisa/okugcwala kwamanzi.

P

Umsoco wabazali
Lena inqubo yokudla okunikezwayo ngqo egazini. Kuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-TPN noma umsoco ophelele wabazali. Izixazululo ziqukethe ushukela, amaprotheni, amafutha namavithamini - konke okudingayo umntwana ukuze akhule. Izixazululo zokuphakela abazali zivame ukunikezwa ngomugqa omaphakathi, owaziwa nangokuthi umugqa omude.

I-Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
Inkinga evame kakhulu ezinganeni ezizalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi ukuthi ukuxhumana okuncane phakathi kwemikhumbi ehlinzeka ngamaphaphu ngegazi kanye nemikhumbi ehlinzeka ngegazi emzimbeni ihlala ivulekile. Odokotela babiza le patent ductus arteriosus

I-PEEP (ingcindezi yokuphelelwa umoya)
Ingcindezi isetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokuphefumula. Lokhu kusiza ekuvimbeleni amaphaphu ukuthi angawi ngesikhathi ingane isemshinini wokuphefumula.

Ukuphefumula ngezikhathi ezithile
Lapho ukuphefumula kwengane kwenzeka ikhefu elingafika kumasekhondi ayi-10.

I-Perventricular leukomalacia (PVL)
Uma izingxenye zobuchopho obukhulayo zincishwa umoya-mpilo kanye nokugeleza kwegazi isikhathi eside, amangqamuzana obuchopho angase afe futhi athathelwe indawo ama-cysts oketshezi. Lokhu kungabonakala ekuhlolweni kwe-ultrasound kobuchopho bomntwana. Ngokuya ngendawo ethintekile, i-PVL ingase ibonise izinkinga zentuthuko zesikhathi esizayo.

Ukujikeleza kwe-fetus okuqhubekayo
Ngaphambi kokuzalwa, imithambo yegazi yamaphaphu mincane. Uma imithambo yegazi ingaphumuli ngemva kokuzalwa, ukugeleza kwegazi emaphashini kuyancipha. I-oksijeni, futhi ngezinye izikhathi izidakamizwa, zinikezwa ukuvula imikhumbi emincane.

pH
Lokhu kumayelana ne-asidi (inani eliphansi) noma i-alkalinity (inani eliphakanyisiwe) legazi. Inani elisondele ku-7.4 livamile egazini le-arterial.

I-Phototherapy
Ukusebenzisa ukukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (hhayi i-ultraviolet) ukunciphisa izinga le-bilirubin (bona futhi 'I-Jaundice').

I-Physiotherapy
Ukuzivocavoca okukhethekile ukuthuthukisa noma ukukhulula izinkinga zomzimba.

I-Pneumothorax
Lapho kunomoya phakathi kwamaphaphu nodonga lwesifuba uma iphaphu livuze umoya.

I-Posset
Lapho umntwana ekhafula inani elincane lobisi ngemva kokuncelisa.

I-Pre-eclampsia
Lokhu kwenzeka cishe koyedwa kwabangu-14 abakhulelwe futhi kubangela cishe ingxenye yesithathu yakho konke ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Kungaba yingozi, ikakhulukazi uma ikhula ngokushesha. Izimpawu eziyinhloko yikhanda elibuhlungu nezinyawo ezivuvukele, okuhambisana nomfutho wegazi ophakeme. Nakuba ukuphumula kombhede kungasiza, ukuphela kwendlela yokunqanda i-pre-eclampsia ukubeletha umntwana kusenesikhathi.

Ingane engakafiki
Umntwana ozelwe ngaphambi kokuba afinyelele amasonto angu-37 aphelele esibelethweni uzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi.

I-oximeter ye-Pulse
Eyaziwa nangokuthi i-saturation monitor. Lokhu kusetshenziselwa ukuqapha inani le-oxygen egazini lomntwana. Izwela kakhulu futhi ivame ukukhala i-alamu nakuba ingane ingase iphile. Isebenza ngokukhanyisa ukukhanya okubomvu ngesandla noma ngonyawo. Kusukela enanini lokukhanya elimunnyiwe, amazinga e-oxygen angasungulwa.

R

I-Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS)
I-RDS inkinga yokuphefumula engakhula izingane ezisanda kuzalwa. Kwenzeka ngenxa yokuntuleka kwe-surfactant emaphashini. Umntwana ubonakala ephefumula ngokushesha (tachypnoea) kanti isifuba sibonakala simuncwa lapho umntwana ephefumula. Umoya-mpilo uyadingeka ngokuvamile futhi ingane ingase idinge usizo lokuphefumula (usebenzisa umoya omncane kanye ne-CPAP). I-RDS kwesinye isikhathi yaziwa ngokuthi 'isifo se-hyaline membrane'.

Vuselela
Lokhu okokuvuselela ekufeni noma ekuqulekeni ngokuhlinzeka ngezinqubo zosizo lokuqala.

I-Retinopathy ye-prematurity (ROP)
Umonakalo endaweni ye-retina yeso ezwelayo ekukhanyeni. Ngokuvamile kuxhunyaniswa nenani le-oxygen egazini elifinyelela ku-retina futhi livame kakhulu ezinganeni ezizalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi (ngaphansi kwamaviki angu-28). Lezi zingane zivame ukuhlolelwa i-retinopathy ye-prematurity.

I-RSV (i-respiratory syncytial virus)
Leli gciwane lidala izimpawu ezinjengomkhuhlane futhi lihlasela ingxenye enkulu yazo zonke izingane. I-RSV ingabangela ubunzima bokuphefumula uma amaphaphu ethintekile. Uma ingane yakho yazalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi, ijwayele ukuthola izifo zamaphaphu noma izalwe inenkinga yenhliziyo yokuzalwa, ingaba sengozini enkulu yokugula kakhulu uma itheleleke nge-RSV. Izingane ezisengozini enkulu zinganikezwa imijovo njengesinyathelo sokuvimbela.

S

Isiqaphi sokugcwaliswa kwesikhala
Bheka 'I-Pulse oximeter'.

Izikena
Umshini wokuthwebula osetshenziswayo uyafana nalowo osetshenziswa ukuskena omama ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Ukuskena okuvame kakhulu kusekhanda. Lokhu kwenziwa nge-probe encane ku-fontanelle (indawo ethambile engaphezulu kwekhanda lomntwana). Kungaba nezizathu eziningi zokwenza izikena, kodwa ngokuvamile kuyoba ukuhlola umntwana ongaphambi kwesikhathi, njengoba esengozini yokopha ebuchosheni. Ezinye izingxenye zomzimba ezingase zidinge ukuskenwa ngokuvamile yisisu noma inhliziyo. Ukuskena kwenhliziyo kuvame ukubizwa nge-echocardiograph, efushaniswe kube 'i-echo'.

SCBU
Iyunithi yokunakekelwa okukhethekile kwezingane.

Incane ngeminyaka yokukhulelwa (SGA)
Ingane enesisindo sokuzalwa esingaphansi kwesika-90% wezingane ezineminyaka efanayo yokukhulelwa.

Isifundo sokulala
Lokhu ukuhlola okwenziwa ezinganeni osekunesikhathi eside ziphefumula umoya-mpilo futhi ngokuvamile kwenziwa esikhathini esifushane ngaphambi kokuba umntwana agoduke. Ukuhlola kuthola ukuthi ingane ingakwazi yini ukugcina amazinga omoya-mpilo wayo ebangeni eliphephile. Uma ingane izobuyela ekhaya idonsa umoya-mpilo, khona-ke ukuhlolwa kusetshenziselwa ukusetha inani lomoya-mpilo umntwana ozolidinga. Ngokuvamile isifundo sokulala sizokwenzeka esikhathini esingamahora angu-12 futhi kumelwe sifake isikhathi lapho ingane ilele khona buthule, njengoba lesi kuyiso isikhathi lapho amazinga komoya-mpilo emzimbeni eba phansi kakhulu.

Izidakamizwa
Ama-steroid (noma ama-corticosteriods) anikezwa omama ngaphambi kokubeletha lapho ukuzalwa kubonakala kungenzeka kusheshe kwenzeke. Umuthi unqamula i-placenta futhi wenze amaphaphu engane avuthwe ukuze aphefumule. Ezinganeni ezinesifo samaphaphu esingamahlalakhona, kungase kube nzima ngengane ukuba iphume ekusekeleni ngemishini yokuphefumula. Imithamo ephansi ye-steroids ingase inikezwe ukunciphisa noma yikuphi ukuvuvukala emaphashini. Izifundo eziphindaphindiwe ze-steroids manje zivame ukugwenywa ngoba kukhona ukukhathazeka ukuthi zingase zibe nomthelela kwezinye zezinkinga zokukhula ezenzeka kamuva kwezinye zalezi zingane.

I-surfactant
Ingxube yamakhemikhali avimbela amaphaphu ukuthi angawi lapho umntwana ephefumula. Ukukhiqizwa kwe-surfactant emaphashini kuqala cishe emasontweni angama-24 kodwa ayikakhuli kahle ngaphambi kwamasonto angama-36 okukhulelwa. Lokhu kungaba imbangela ye-respiratory distress syndrome (RDS - bheka ngenhla). I-surfactant eshintshayo inganikezwa njengoketshezi emaphashini omntwana ozalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi.

Umshayeli wesirinji
Umshayeli wesirinji usetshenziselwa ukunikeza kancane kancane futhi ngokuqhubekayo amanani amancane oketshezi (noma ngaphandle kwemithi) ezigulini.

T

I-Tachycardia
Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo.

I-Tachypnea
Izinga lokuphefumula elisheshayo.

Izinga lokushisa isikhumba probe
Lona umshini omncane ofakwa esikhumbeni ukuze ulinganise izinga lokushisa lomntwana.

Umsoco ophelele wabazali (TPN)
Bheka 'Ukondleka Kwabazali'.

Transcutaneous monitors
Lona umshini wokuqapha ofakwa esikhumbeni ukuze ulinganise amazinga komoyampilo wegazi.

Ama-incubator wezokuthutha
Lena incubator eyisipesheli esetshenziswa uma ingane idinga ukudluliselwa kwesinye isibhedlela.

Ukuphakelwa ngamashubhu
Ukuncelisa ngamapayipi kulapho ingane idliswa ngeshubhu elincane elicolisekileyo elisuka ekhaleni noma emlonyeni liye ngqo esiswini. Isetshenziswa kakhulu lapho umntwana egula kakhulu futhi engakwazi ukudla ngokwemvelo.

U

Ukuskena kwe-Ultrasound
Bona okuthi 'Skena' ngenhla.

I-umbilical catheter
Ishubhu lepulasitiki elifakwe ngomunye wemithanjana emibili yenkaba. Isetshenziselwa ukuthatha amasampula egazi azohlaziywa. Amanye ama-catheter anomshini okhethekile ohlola inani lomoya-mpilo osegazini.

V

Ukungenisa umoya
Ukuphefumula komoya kuwukusekela ngomshini ngokuphefumula, ukuze umntwana akwazi ukuba namazinga avamile omoya-mpilo kanye ne-carbon dioxide egazini lakhe lapho engakwazi ukuzitholela wona.

Isisindo sokuzalwa esiphansi kakhulu (VLBW)
Ingane ezelwe ingaphansi kuka-1500g.

Ukuqapha izimpawu ezibalulekile
Leli qapha elikala izimpawu ezibalulekile, njengomfutho wegazi, izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo namazinga okugcwala komoyampilo.

Vitamin K
Ivithamini eyenzeka ngokwemvelo ebalulekile ekwakhekeni kwegazi. Izingane ezisanda kuzalwa zivame ukuntula uvithamini K owanele ngakho-ke zinikezwa ukuze zibavimbele ekubeni nethuba lokopha.